Extreme Heat

Summer heat waves have been the biggest weather-related killers in Wisconsin for more than 50 years, far exceeding tornado and other storm-related deaths. Thousands of Wisconsinites fall ill or are hospitalized for heat-related illnesses each year.

The inside of a vehicle can be especially dangerous. On an 80-degree Fahrenheit day, temperatures inside a vehicle parked in direct sunlight can climb almost 20 degrees in 10 minutes.

Never leave people or pets inside a parked vehicle. Leaving a window cracked is not enough!

TERMS USED DURING EXTREME HEAT

EXCESSIVE HEAT OUTLOOK

The outlook is used when the potential for excessive heat exists in the next three to seven days. It provides information to those who need more lead-time to prepare.

HEAT ADVISORY

This is issued within 12 hours of the start of extremely dangerous heat conditions. The National Weather Service will issue a heat advisory for Wisconsin when the daytime heat index values are 100 to 104. A heat advisory will also be issued if heat indices are 95 to 99 for four consecutive days.

HEAT WATCH

This is issued when conditions are favorable for excessive heat in the next 24 -72 hours.

EXCESSIVE HEAT WARNING

This is issued within 12 hours of the onset of extremely dangerous heat conditions. It will be issued by the National Weather Service when the daytime heat index is 105 or higher during the day and 75 or higher at night for at least a 48-hour period. If heat indices are 100 to 104 for four consecutive days, an excessive heat warning will be issued.

HEAT INDEX

A measure indicating what the temperature feels like to the human body. It is when relative humidity is combined with the air temperature.

How HEAT INDEX AFFECTS YOU

The Heat Index is an important consideration for comfort. In extreme heat your body works extra hard to maintain a normal temperature, which can lead to serious illness or death. Heat indices 103°F or greater can lead to dangerous heat disorders with prolonged exposure.

80° – 90°F HEAT INDEX

Fatigue is possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity.

90° – 103°F HEAT INDEX

Heat stroke, heat cramps, or heat exhaustion possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity.

103° – 124°F HEAT INDEX

Heat cramps or heat exhaustion likely, and heat stroke possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity.

125°F OR HIGHER HEAT INDEX

Heat stroke highly likely

HEAT-RELATED ILLNESSES

Heat-related illnesses are preventable. Learn the symptoms and what to do.

HEAT STROKE
  • What to look for:
    • High body temperature (103°F or higher)
    • Hot, red, dry, or damp skin
    • Fast, strong pulse
    • Headache
    • Dizziness
    • Nausea
    • Confusion
    • Losing consciousness (passing out)
  • What to do:
    • Call 911 right away
    • Move the person to a cooler place
    • Help lower the person’s temperature with cool cloths or a cool bath
    • Do not give the person anything to drink
HEAT EXHAUSTION
  • What to look for:
    • Heavy Sweating
    • Cold, pale, and clammy skin
    • Fast, weak pulse
    • Nausea or vomiting
    • Muscle cramps
    • Tiredness or weakness
    • Dizziness
    • Headaches
    • Fainting
  • What to do:
    • Move to a cool place
    • Loosen your clothes
    • Put cool, wet cloths on your body or take a cool bath
    • Sip water
HEAT CRAMPS
  • What to look for:
    • Heavy sweating during intense exercise
    • Muscle pain or spasms
  • What to do:
    • Stop physical activity and move to a cool place
    • Drink water or a sports drink
SUNBURN
  • What to look for:
    • Painful, red, and warm skin
    • Blisters on skin
  • What to do:
    • Stay out of sun until sunburn heals
    • Put cool cloths on sunburns or take cool bath
    • Put moisturizing lotion on sunburned areas
    • Do not break blisters
HEAT RASH
  • What to look for:
    • Red clusters of small blisters that look like pimples (usually on the neck, chest, groin, or in elbow creases)
  • What to do:
    • Stay in a cool, dry place
    • Keep the rash dry
    • Use powder (like baby powder) to soothe the rash

POPULATIONS VULNERABLE TO HEAT

ADULTS OVER 65

They are less aware and adaptable to extreme heat.

PEOPLE LIVING ALONE AND/OR WITHOUT AIR CONDITIONING

They may not know when to call for help.

INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES

May not know or realize that they are in danger.

CHILDREN UNDER 5

Sensitive to effects of extreme heat and rely on others to keep them cool and hydrated.

PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS

Medical conditions can worsen the impact of extreme heat

HOMELESS

May be unaware of cooling centers and may have limited access to other cooling methods, such as cool showers.

PETS

Depend on owner for adequate protection from heat

OUTDOOR WORKERS

More likely to become dehydrated and more likely to get heat-related illnesses.

NON-ENGLISH SPEAKERS

May not have access to current information about heat advisories and health risks associated with extreme heat.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE AND DURING EXTREME HEAT

BEFORE
  • Do not rely on a fan as your primary cooling device. Fans create air flow, but do not reduce body temperatures or prevent heat-related illnesses
  • Identify places in your community to get cool, such as libraries, shopping malls, or contact your local health department to find a cooling center in your area.
  • Cover windows with drapes or shades
  • Weather-strip doors and windows
  • Use window reflectors specifically designed to reflect heat back outside.
  • Use a powered attic ventilator or attic fan to clear out hot air in the attic
  • Install window air conditioners and insulate around them.
  • If you are unable to afford cooling costs, weatherization, or energy-related home repairs, contact the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) for help.
DURING
  • Take care of your body.
    • Drink plenty of water. Make sure you drink before feeling thirsty. By the time you feel thirsty, you are already behind in fluid replacement. When working in the heat, drink one cup (8 ounces) of water every 15-20 minutes.
    • Limit alcohol consumption. Drinking beer and alcoholic beverages cause further body dehydration.
    • It is not recommended to take salt tablets. In most cases, salt can be replaced by eating normal meals and snacks throughout the day. Do not skip meals.
  • Cover windows to keep the sun from shining in.
  • If you have an air conditioner, use it. If you do not have one and the temperature is above 95 °F, you should go to a community cooling center because a fan will no longer prevent heat-related illnesses at this temperature.
  • Pace yourself. Cut down on exercise during the heat. If you are not accustomed to working or exercising in a hot environment, start slowly and pick up the pace gradually. If exertion in the heat makes your heart pound and leave you gasping for breath, STOP all activity. Get into a cool area or shade and rest.
  • Wear sunscreen. Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool down. Put on a sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes before going outside and reapply as the package directs. Consider a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses as well.
  • Consider pet and livestock safety.
    • Keep pets hydrated by providing clean and cool drinking water
    • Provide shade with good air flow.
    • Protect their paws. Place the back of your hand on the ground for five seconds. If it’s too hot for your skin, it’s too hot for your pet’s paw pads. Consider walking your pet in the early morning or in the evening when the asphalt has cooled down.
    • Do not leave them in a car. Even with the windows cracked, the interior temperature can become deadly in minutes.
  • Check on others.
    • Check on older, sick, or frail people who may need help responding to heat.
  • Don’t leave electronic equipment in hot cars
  • Make sure rooms are well vented if you are using volatile chemicals.